Flower profile

Balkan toadflax

Linaria dalmatica

Balkan toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) is a flowering plant in the Plantaginaceae family, introduced in the lower 48 states, blooming mostly May–September across the U.S.

Introduced in the lower 48

Balkan toadflax is a wildflower that USDA PLANTS lists as introduced in the lower 48 states. It's on our flower lists for 4 states, and across the U.S. it's most often seen in bloom in May–September.

31states where USDA records it

4Bloomipedia state lists include it

8,173U.S. sightings*

*iNaturalist research-grade observations, as of October 17, 2026.

On our lists for: Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming

🚫

Regulated invasive plant in Colorado, Utah, Montana and Wyoming. It's on those states' official invasive plant lists (Colorado: List B noxious weed; Utah: Class 2 noxious weed (control); Montana: Priority 2B noxious weed; Wyoming: State designated noxious weed). Please don't plant or share it there. ^{8 CCR 1206-2 R68-9-3 ARM 4.5.206–210 WY designated noxious weeds}

Quick look

Linaria dalmatica is a herbaceous, short-lived perennial plant in the family Plantaginaceae native to western Asia and southeastern Europe. As with related species, it was formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae (figwort) family. Its common names include Balkan toadflax, broadleaf toadflax, and Dalmatian toadflax. The distribution of L.
From Wikipedia's article Linaria dalmatica, CC BY-SA 4.0.

It belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. ^iNaturalist
USDA PLANTS describes it as an herb (forb) with a perennial life cycle. ^{USDA PLANTS}
USDA PLANTS lists it as introduced in the lower 48 states and records it in 31 states. ^{USDA PLANTS}
NatureServe lists it as not native to Colorado, Utah, Montana and Wyoming. ^NatureServe
In Colorado, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in May–September. ^iNaturalist
In Utah, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in May–September. ^iNaturalist
iNaturalist has 3,576 research-grade sightings of it in Colorado, ranking #35 among the 160 flowers on our Colorado list. ^iNaturalist
iNaturalist has 1,004 research-grade sightings of it in Utah, ranking #53 among the 153 flowers on our Utah list. ^iNaturalist
iNaturalist has 448 research-grade sightings of it in Montana, ranking #102 among the 128 flowers on our Montana list. ^iNaturalist

When does it bloom?

Flowering records by month across the U.S. (iNaturalist research-grade observations marked “Flowering”) (877 records)

Bloom time in the 4 states whose Bloomipedia list includes it

State	Type	Peak bloom	Sightings*
Colorado	Introduced	May–September	3,576
Utah	Introduced	May–September	1,004
Montana	Introduced	few records (36)	448
Wyoming	Introduced	June–September	420

Conservation status

Federal (U.S. ESA): Not listed No U.S. Endangered Species Act listing in the USFWS ECOS database. ^{USFWS ECOS}
NatureServe global: G5 Secure worldwide. ^NatureServe
Colorado: No list Colorado has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Colorado ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Colorado.
Utah: No list Utah has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Utah ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Utah.
Montana: No list Montana has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Montana ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Montana.
Wyoming: No list Wyoming has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Wyoming ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Wyoming.
Rare elsewhere: No other U.S. state ranks it S1, S2, SH or SX.

Checked October 17, 2026. Rankings and lists can change, so follow the links for the latest.

Can you eat it?

For peopleNot well documented

None of the sources we checked (NC State Extension (no page for this plant), USDA PLANTS) say whether it's edible or poisonous for people.

For petsNot well documented

It isn't on the ASPCA plant list.

🌿 Never eat a wild plant unless you're certain of its ID; this isn't medical advice. Worried about a person? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Worried about a pet? Call your vet.

Where does it grow?

USDA PLANTS records balkan toadflax in 31 states.

AKMEVTNHWAIDMTNDMNILWIMINYRIMAORNVWYSDIAINOHPANJCTCAUTCONEMOKYWVVAMDDEAZNMKSARTNNCSCDCOKLAMSALGAHITXFL

recorded by USDA PLANTS on our state lists not recorded

See the full list of states

Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

Colorado counties with USDA records: Baca, Boulder, Dolores, El Paso, Garfield, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, Moffat, Montezuma, Pitkin, Routt, San Miguel, Washington.

Utah counties with USDA records: Beaver, Cache, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Rich, Salt Lake, San Juan, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch.

Montana counties with USDA records: Beaverhead, Big Horn, Blaine, Broadwater, Carbon, Cascade, Chouteau, Daniels, Dawson, Deer Lodge, Fergus, Flathead, Gallatin, Garfield, Glacier, Golden Valley, Granite, Hill, Jefferson, Judith Basin, Lake, Lewis and Clark, Liberty, Lincoln, Madison, Meagher, Mineral, Missoula, Musselshell, Park, Phillips, Pondera, Prairie, Ravalli, Richland, Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sanders, Sheridan, Silver Bow, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Teton, Toole, Valley, Wibaux, Yellowstone.

Names, range and relatives

Native status by region (USDA PLANTS): Canada: Introduced; Lower 48 states: Introduced.

County records: USDA PLANTS lists it in 312 counties across 28 states; the most are in Montana (47), California (44), Idaho (39).

Other Linaria on Bloomipedia (3): Butter-and-eggs (common toadflax), Canada toadflax, Texas toadflax.

More from the Plantaginaceae family (29 on Bloomipedia; most observed first): Bird's-eye speedwell, Purple foxglove, White turtlehead, Foxglove beardtongue, Heath speedwell, Culver's root, Cobaea beardtongue, Snapdragon vine.

More Colorado flowers

Whipple's penstemon

Penstemon whippleanus

Native

🌼 Blooms in CO: July–August

Front range beardtongue

Penstemon virens

Native

🌼 Blooms in CO: May–July

Sidebells penstemon

Penstemon secundiflorus

Native

🌼 Blooms in CO: May–June

Sources

USDA, NRCS. PLANTS Database, profile LIDA.
iNaturalist, Linaria dalmatica: taxonomy, research-grade observation counts and “Flowering” annotations, retrieved October 17, 2026.
Wikipedia, Linaria dalmatica (lead quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0).
Colorado: Colorado noxious weed lists A, B and C (8 CCR 1206-2, eff. May 15, 2025).
Utah: Utah noxious weed list (Utah Admin. Code R68-9-3).
Montana: Montana noxious weed list (Admin. R. Mont. 4.5.206–4.5.210).
Wyoming: Wyoming state designated noxious weeds (W.S. 11-5-102(a)(xi)), as listed by the Wyoming Weed & Pest Council.
USFWS, ECOS species database (ESA listing check), October 17, 2026.
NatureServe Explorer, Linaria dalmatica (global and state ranks).
Edibility and toxicity: no source found (marked "not well documented").
Photo: Daughter Dad via iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0 · resized.