Bloomipedia
Border forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia)
Photo: Ana Ka'ahanui via iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0 · resized

Flowering shrub

Border forsythia

Forsythia × intermedia

Border forsythia (Forsythia × intermedia) is a shrub in the Oleaceae family, blooming mostly March–April across the U.S.

🌷 Flowering shrub

Border forsythia is a popular flowering shrub. It's on our flower lists for 42 states, and across the U.S. it's most often seen in bloom in March–April.

–states where USDA records it
42Bloomipedia state lists include it
1,005U.S. sightings*

*iNaturalist research-grade observations, as of October 23, 2026. Planted garden shrubs are mostly excluded from research grade.

On our lists for: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin

Quick look

Forsythia × intermedia, or border forsythia, is an ornamental deciduous shrub of garden origin.

  • It belongs to the Oleaceae family. iNaturalist
  • iNaturalist has 205 research-grade sightings of it in New York, ranking #123 among the 193 flowers on our New York list. iNaturalist
  • iNaturalist has 144 research-grade sightings of it in Pennsylvania, ranking #123 among the 190 flowers on our Pennsylvania list. iNaturalist
  • iNaturalist has 119 research-grade sightings of it in New Jersey, ranking #113 among the 186 flowers on our New Jersey list. iNaturalist

When does it bloom?

Flowering records by month across the U.S. (iNaturalist research-grade observations marked “Flowering”) (161 records)
Bloom time in the 42 states whose Bloomipedia list includes it
StateTypePeak bloomSightings*
New York🌷 Gardenfew records (18)205
Pennsylvania🌷 Gardenfew records (33)144
New Jersey🌷 Gardenfew records (11)119
Maryland🌷 Gardenfew records (5)83
Virginia🌷 Gardenfew records (9)76
Massachusetts🌷 Gardenfew records (8)72
Washington🌷 Gardenfew records (4)41
North Carolina🌷 Gardenfew records (9)29
Michigan🌷 Gardenfew records (20)24
Wisconsin🌷 Gardenno flowering records24
Georgia🌷 Gardenfew records (8)23
Ohio🌷 Gardenfew records (1)23
West Virginia🌷 Gardenfew records (9)19
Tennessee🌷 Gardenfew records (1)17
Connecticut🌷 Gardenno flowering records14
New Hampshire🌷 Gardenfew records (1)12
Delaware🌷 Gardenfew records (3)10
Illinois🌷 Gardenfew records (1)9
Indiana🌷 Gardenfew records (4)9
Kentucky🌷 Gardenfew records (2)9
Alabama🌷 Gardenfew records (4)7
Missouri🌷 Gardenno flowering records5
Oregon🌷 Gardenfew records (5)5
Vermont🌷 Gardenno flowering records5
Maine🌷 Gardenfew records (2)3
South Carolina🌷 Gardenfew records (1)3
Arkansas🌷 Gardenno flowering records2
Nebraska🌷 Gardenno flowering records2
Rhode Island🌷 Gardenno flowering records2
California🌷 Gardenno flowering records1
Colorado🌷 Gardenno flowering records1
Idaho🌷 Gardenno flowering records1
Louisiana🌷 Gardenfew records (1)1
Minnesota🌷 Gardenno flowering records1
Iowa🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Mississippi🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Montana🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
New Mexico🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Nevada🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Oklahoma🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Texas🌷 Gardenno flowering records0
Utah🌷 Gardenno flowering records0

Conservation status

Federal (U.S. ESA)
Not listed No U.S. Endangered Species Act listing in the USFWS ECOS database. USFWS ECOS
NatureServe
Unknown We couldn't find this name in NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe
New York
n/a New York's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 6 NYCRR § 193.3
Pennsylvania
n/a Pennsylvania's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 17 Pa. Code Ch. 45
New Jersey
n/a New Jersey's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. N.J.A.C. 7:5C-5.1
Maryland
n/a Maryland's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. COMAR 08.03.08
Virginia
n/a Virginia's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 2VAC5-320-10
Massachusetts
n/a Massachusetts's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. MESA list
Washington
No list Washington has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (the Washington Natural Heritage Program's rare plant list isn't regulatory), so we show NatureServe's Washington ranks instead.
North Carolina
n/a North Carolina's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 02 NCAC 48F .0301
Michigan
n/a Michigan's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. R 299.1028
Wisconsin
n/a Wisconsin's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. NR 27.03
Georgia
n/a Georgia's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. Ga. R. 391-4-10-.09
Ohio
n/a Ohio's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. OAC 1501:18-1-03
West Virginia
No list West Virginia has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (only federally listed species are protected), so we show NatureServe's West Virginia ranks instead.
Tennessee
n/a Tennessee's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. TN rule 0400-06-02-.04
Connecticut
n/a Connecticut's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. CT E/T/SC list
New Hampshire
n/a New Hampshire's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. NH Ncr 312
Delaware
n/a Delaware's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. DE rare plants 2024
Illinois
n/a Illinois's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. IL E&T checklist 2025
Indiana
No list Indiana has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (the DNR keeps a rare plant list, but it isn't regulatory), so we show NatureServe's Indiana ranks instead.
Kentucky
n/a Kentucky's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 400 KAR 3:040
Alabama
No list Alabama has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Alabama ranks instead.
Missouri
n/a Missouri's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 3 CSR 10-4.111
Oregon
n/a Oregon's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. OAR 603-073-0070
Vermont
n/a Vermont's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. Vermont E&T list
Maine
n/a Maine's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. Maine rare plant list
South Carolina
No list South Carolina has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's South Carolina ranks instead.
Arkansas
No list Arkansas has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Arkansas ranks instead.
Nebraska
n/a Nebraska's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 163 NAC 4-004
Rhode Island
n/a Rhode Island's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. RI rare plants 2016
California
n/a California's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. CNDDB listed plants (July 2026)
Colorado
No list Colorado has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Colorado ranks instead.
Idaho
No list Idaho has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Idaho ranks instead.
Louisiana
No list Louisiana has no state list of endangered or threatened plants separate from the federal list, so we show federal status and NatureServe's Louisiana ranks.
Minnesota
n/a Minnesota's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. Minn. R. 6134.0300
Iowa
n/a Iowa's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. IAC 571-77.3
Mississippi
No list Mississippi has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Mississippi ranks instead.
Montana
No list Montana has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Montana ranks instead.
New Mexico
n/a New Mexico's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 19.21.2.9 NMAC
Nevada
n/a Nevada's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. NAC 527.010
Oklahoma
No list Oklahoma has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Oklahoma ranks instead.
Texas
n/a Texas's list is by species, so a whole genus isn't assessed. 31 TAC 69.8
Utah
No list Utah has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Utah ranks instead.

Checked October 23, 2026. Rankings and lists can change, so follow the links for the latest.

Can you eat it?

For peopleNot well documented

None of the sources we checked (NC State Extension (no page for this plant)) say whether it's edible or poisonous for people.

For petsNot well documented

It isn't on the ASPCA plant list.

🌿 Never eat a wild plant unless you're certain of its ID; this isn't medical advice. Worried about a person? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Worried about a pet? Call your vet.

Where does it grow?

USDA PLANTS has no state-by-state distribution for this name, so we can't map it yet.

Names, range and relatives

More from the Oleaceae family (9 on Bloomipedia; most observed first): Downy forestiera, White fringetree, Purple lilac, Spiny menodora, Japanese tree lilac, Meyer lilac, Sweet olive, Chinese fringetree.

More New York flowers

Sources