Bloomipedia
Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Photo: Nick Kleinschmidt via iNaturalist · CC BY 4.0 · resized

Flower profile

Common sunflower

Helianthus annuus

Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a flowering plant in the Asteraceae family, native in the lower 48 states, blooming mostly June–October across the U.S.

🌷 Also a garden flowerNative in the lower 48

Common sunflower is a wildflower that USDA PLANTS lists as native in the lower 48 states. It's on our flower lists for 50 states, and across the U.S. it's most often seen in bloom in June–October.

50states where USDA records it
50Bloomipedia state lists include it
28,394U.S. sightings*

*iNaturalist research-grade observations, as of October 17, 2026.

On our lists for: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

🚫
Regulated invasive plant in Iowa. It's on that state' official invasive plant list (Iowa: Secondary noxious weed). Please don't plant or share it there. Iowa Code § 317.1A

Quick look

The common sunflower is a large annual forb in the daisy family Asteraceae. The domesticated form of common sunflower is harvested for its edible seeds, which come in two types: oil and confectionary seeds. Oilseed sunflowers are widely grown globally and represent the fourth most used vegetable oil in the world. They also are used widely as bird food or as food for livestock.

  • It belongs to the Asteraceae family. iNaturalist
  • USDA PLANTS describes it as an herb (forb) with a annual life cycle. USDA PLANTS
  • USDA PLANTS lists it as native in the lower 48 states and records it in 50 states. USDA PLANTS
  • In Texas, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in April–September. iNaturalist
  • In California, most iNaturalist sightings of it in flower come in June–September. iNaturalist
  • USDA PLANTS lists its flower color as yellow. USDA PLANTS
  • USDA PLANTS gives its bloom period as summer. USDA PLANTS
  • USDA PLANTS lists a mature height of about 9 ft. USDA PLANTS
  • iNaturalist has 14,857 research-grade sightings of it in Texas, ranking #32 among the 169 flowers on our Texas list. iNaturalist
  • iNaturalist has 3,349 research-grade sightings of it in California, ranking #106 among the 178 flowers on our California list. iNaturalist
  • iNaturalist has 1,386 research-grade sightings of it in Colorado, ranking #103 among the 160 flowers on our Colorado list. iNaturalist

When does it bloom?

Flowering records by month across the U.S. (iNaturalist research-grade observations marked “Flowering”) (3,115 records)
Bloom time in the 50 states whose Bloomipedia list includes it
StateTypePeak bloomSightings*
TexasNativeApril–September14,857
California🌷 GardenJune–September3,349
Colorado🌷 GardenJuly–September1,386
UtahNativeJuly–October1,142
OklahomaNativeJuly–October612
IdahoNativefew records (31)603
Arizona🌷 Gardenfew records (49)601
New MexicoNativeJuly–September590
KansasNativefew records (24)535
Oregon🌷 GardenJuly–September453
Illinois🌷 Gardenfew records (33)392
NebraskaNativefew records (21)337
South DakotaNativefew records (18)287
New York🌷 Gardenfew records (33)261
Washington🌷 Gardenfew records (48)238
Missouri🌷 Gardenfew records (18)203
Minnesota🌷 Gardenfew records (29)196
Nevada🌷 Gardenfew records (42)184
Ohio🌷 Gardenfew records (46)148
Montana🌷 Gardenfew records (5)147
Pennsylvania🌷 Gardenfew records (9)138
Wisconsin🌷 Gardenfew records (5)130
North Carolina🌷 Gardenfew records (10)125
Florida🌷 Gardenfew records (2)108
Maryland🌷 Gardenfew records (4)103
Wyoming🌷 Gardenfew records (5)101
Massachusetts🌷 Gardenfew records (11)98
Iowa🌷 Gardenfew records (8)97
Michigan🌷 Gardenfew records (5)94
Georgia🌷 Gardenfew records (1)87
Arkansas🌷 Gardenfew records (16)86
Indiana🌷 Gardenfew records (14)77
Tennessee🌷 Gardenfew records (3)77
Virginia🌷 Gardenfew records (3)76
Louisiana🌷 Gardenfew records (5)63
New Jersey🌷 Gardenfew records (12)63
North Dakota🌷 Gardenfew records (6)49
Alabama🌷 Gardenfew records (2)43
Connecticut🌷 Gardenfew records (4)42
Vermont🌷 Gardenfew records (11)41
Kentucky🌷 Gardenfew records (7)35
South Carolina🌷 Gardenno flowering records31
Maine🌷 Gardenfew records (3)26
Delaware🌷 Gardenno flowering records18
New Hampshire🌷 Gardenfew records (2)15
West Virginia🌷 Gardenfew records (1)15
Hawaii🌷 Gardenno flowering records14
Mississippi🌷 Gardenfew records (7)13
Rhode Island🌷 Gardenfew records (1)6
Alaska🌷 Gardenno flowering records1

Conservation status

Federal (U.S. ESA)
Not listed No U.S. Endangered Species Act listing in the USFWS ECOS database. USFWS ECOS
NatureServe global
G5 Secure worldwide. NatureServe
State rare plant lists
Not listed Not on the official rare plant list in 32 of our 50 states.
See each state
Texas
Not listed Not on Texas endangered and threatened plants (31 Tex. Admin. Code § 69.8), as listed by Texas Parks and Wildlife. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Texas. 31 TAC 69.8
California
Not listed Not on California state-listed endangered, threatened and rare plants (14 CCR § 670.2), per CDFW's CNDDB list (July 2026). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in California. CNDDB listed plants (July 2026)
Arizona
Not listed Not on Arizona Native Plant Law protected plants (Ariz. Admin. Code R3-3 Art. 11, App. A, eff. Feb. 2, 2025). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Arizona. AAC R3-3 App. A
New Mexico
Not listed Not on New Mexico state endangered plant species (19.21.2.9 NMAC). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in New Mexico. 19.21.2.9 NMAC
Oregon
Not listed Not on Oregon endangered and threatened plants (OAR 603-073-0070). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Oregon. OAR 603-073-0070
Illinois
Not listed Not on Illinois List of Endangered and Threatened Flora (17 Ill. Adm. Code 1050), per the Endangered Species Protection Board's 2025 checklist. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Illinois. IL E&T checklist 2025
Nebraska
Not listed Not on Nebraska threatened and endangered species (163 Neb. Admin. Code ch. 4, § 004). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Nebraska. 163 NAC 4-004
New York
Not listed Not on New York protected native plants (6 NYCRR § 193.3). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in New York. 6 NYCRR § 193.3
Missouri
Not listed Not on Missouri Wildlife Code endangered species (3 CSR 10-4.111), plants. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Missouri. 3 CSR 10-4.111
Minnesota
Not listed Not on Minnesota endangered, threatened and special concern plants (Minn. R. 6134.0300). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Minnesota. Minn. R. 6134.0300
Nevada
Not listed Not on Nevada fully protected plants, critically endangered (NAC 527.010). NatureServe: S4, apparently secure in Nevada. NAC 527.010
Ohio
Not listed Not on Ohio endangered and threatened plants (Ohio Adm. Code 1501:18-1-03, eff. Dec. 26, 2024). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Ohio. OAC 1501:18-1-03
Pennsylvania
Not listed Not on Pennsylvania classified native plants (17 Pa. Code Ch. 45, Subchapter B, as amended 2023). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Pennsylvania. 17 Pa. Code Ch. 45
Wisconsin
Not listed Not on Wisconsin endangered and threatened species list (Wis. Admin. Code NR 27.03). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Wisconsin. NR 27.03
North Carolina
Not listed Not on North Carolina Protected Plant Species List (02 NCAC 48F .0301). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in North Carolina. 02 NCAC 48F .0301
Florida
Not listed Not on Florida Regulated Plant Index (Fla. Admin. Code 5B-40.0055). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Florida. FAC 5B-40.0055
Maryland
Not listed Not on Maryland threatened and endangered plants (COMAR 08.03.08.05, .06 and .08). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Maryland. COMAR 08.03.08
Massachusetts
Not listed Not on Massachusetts Endangered Species Act list (321 CMR 10.90). NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Massachusetts. MESA list
Iowa
Not listed Not on Iowa endangered, threatened and special concern plants (Iowa Admin. Code r. 571-77.3). NatureServe: S5, secure in Iowa. IAC 571-77.3
Michigan
Not listed Not on Michigan endangered and threatened plants (Mich. Admin. Code R 299.1028, eff. March 20, 2023). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Michigan. R 299.1028
Georgia
Not listed Not on Georgia protected plants (Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 391-4-10-.09; a 2026 update is proposed). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Georgia. Ga. R. 391-4-10-.09
Tennessee
Not listed Not on Tennessee endangered plants (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0400-06-02-.04, Rare Plant Protection and Conservation Act). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Tennessee. TN rule 0400-06-02-.04
Virginia
Not listed Not on Virginia endangered and threatened plant and insect species (2VAC5-320-10). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Virginia. 2VAC5-320-10
New Jersey
Not listed Not on New Jersey Endangered Plant Species List (N.J.A.C. 7:5C-5.1). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in New Jersey. N.J.A.C. 7:5C-5.1
Connecticut
Not listed Not on Connecticut Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Plants (RCSA 26-306; 2015 list). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Connecticut. CT E/T/SC list
Vermont
Not listed Not on Endangered and Threatened Plants of Vermont (10 V.S.A. chap. 123; list of Feb 10, 2022). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Vermont. Vermont E&T list
Kentucky
Not listed Not on Kentucky endangered and threatened plant lists (400 KAR 3:040, eff. 2026). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Kentucky. 400 KAR 3:040
Maine
Not listed Not on Maine Rare Plant List (Maine Natural Areas Program, 2021). E and T are Maine's official endangered and threatened plants (12 M.R.S.); SC and PE are tracking categories. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Maine. Maine rare plant list
Delaware
Not listed Not on Rare and Uncommon Plants of Delaware (DNREC, 2024; informational, Delaware has no state plant-protection list). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Delaware. DE rare plants 2024
New Hampshire
Not listed Not on New Hampshire Official Rare Plants List (Ncr 312, eff. Jan 1, 2020). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in New Hampshire. NH Ncr 312
Hawaii
Not listed Not on Hawaii threatened and endangered plants (HAR 13-107; the state list follows the federal list), DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Hawaii. HAR 13-107
Rhode Island
Not listed Not on Rhode Island Rare Plants 2016 (RI Natural History Survey, from the RI Wildlife Action Plan; informational, Rhode Island has no state plant-protection listing law). NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Rhode Island. RI rare plants 2016
Colorado
No list Colorado has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Colorado ranks instead. NatureServe: S5, secure in Colorado.
Utah
No list Utah has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Utah ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Utah.
Oklahoma
No list Oklahoma has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Oklahoma ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Oklahoma.
Idaho
No list Idaho has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Idaho ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Idaho.
Kansas
No list Kansas's endangered and threatened list (K.A.R. 115-15-1) covers animals only, so we show NatureServe's Kansas ranks for plants. NatureServe: S5, secure in Kansas.
South Dakota
No list South Dakota's endangered and threatened list (ARSD 41:10:02) covers animals only, so we show NatureServe's South Dakota ranks for plants. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in South Dakota.
Washington
No list Washington has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (the Washington Natural Heritage Program's rare plant list isn't regulatory), so we show NatureServe's Washington ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in Washington.
Montana
No list Montana has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Montana ranks instead. NatureServe: S5, secure in Montana.
Wyoming
No list Wyoming has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Wyoming ranks instead. NatureServe: S5, secure in Wyoming.
Arkansas
No list Arkansas has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Arkansas ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Arkansas.
Indiana
No list Indiana has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (the DNR keeps a rare plant list, but it isn't regulatory), so we show NatureServe's Indiana ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Indiana.
Louisiana
No list Louisiana has no state list of endangered or threatened plants separate from the federal list, so we show federal status and NatureServe's Louisiana ranks. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Louisiana.
North Dakota
No list North Dakota has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's North Dakota ranks instead. NatureServe: SNR, not yet ranked in North Dakota.
Alabama
No list Alabama has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Alabama ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Alabama.
South Carolina
No list South Carolina has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's South Carolina ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in South Carolina.
West Virginia
No list West Virginia has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants (only federally listed species are protected), so we show NatureServe's West Virginia ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in West Virginia.
Mississippi
No list Mississippi has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Mississippi ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Mississippi.
Alaska
No list Alaska has no state law listing endangered or threatened plants, so we show NatureServe's Alaska ranks instead. NatureServe: SNA, not applicable (usually because it isn't native there) in Alaska.
Rare elsewhere
No other U.S. state ranks it S1, S2, SH or SX.

Checked October 17, 2026. Rankings and lists can change, so follow the links for the latest.

Can you eat it?

For peopleEdible (per NC State Extension)

NC State Extension notes: “Seeds are used for cooking oil, livestock feed, and as a snack food or garnish. Petals are edible and young flower buds can be steamed like artichokes.” NC State Extension

For petsNot well documented

It isn't on the ASPCA plant list, and NC State Extension doesn't flag it for pets. For context only: ASPCA lists a related species, Helianthus angustifolius (“Sunflower”), as non-toxic to dogs and cats. That doesn't tell us about this species, so keep pets away to be safe. ASPCA

🌿 Never eat a wild plant unless you're certain of its ID; this isn't medical advice. Worried about a person? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Worried about a pet? Call your vet.

Where does it grow?

USDA PLANTS records common sunflower in 50 states plus Washington, D.C.

recorded by USDA PLANTS on our state lists not recorded

See the full list of states

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming; District of Columbia.

Texas counties with USDA records: Angelina, Archer, Bailey, Bastrop, Bee, Bell, Bexar, Blanco, Bosque, Brazoria, Brazos, Brewster, Briscoe, Brown, Burleson, Burnet, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron, Carson, Castro, Chambers, Clay, Coke, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Cottle, Crane, Crockett, Culberson, Dallam, Dallas, DeWitt, Deaf Smith, Denton, Dimmit, Eastland, Ector, Edwards, Fayette, Fisher, Floyd, Fort Bend, Frio, Galveston, Garza, Gillespie, Gonzales, Gray, Grayson, Gregg, Guadalupe, Hall, Hansford, Hardeman, Harris, Hartley, Hays, Hemphill, Hidalgo, Hill, Howard, Hunt, Hutchinson, Jeff Davis, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kendall, Kenedy, Kerr, Kimble, King, Kinney, Kleberg, La Salle, Lavaca, Lipscomb, Live Oak, Llano, Lubbock, Madison, Maverick, McLennan, McMullen, Medina, Midland, Mitchell, Moore, Nueces, Ochiltree, Oldham, Parker, Parmer, Pecos, Potter, Presidio, Randall, Reagan, Roberts, Robertson, Rockwall, San Patricio, San Saba, Schleicher, Scurry, Sherman, Starr, Sutton, Swisher, Tarrant, Taylor, Travis, Tyler, Val Verde, Walker, Ward, Washington, Webb, Wharton, Wichita, Willacy, Williamson, Wilson, Winkler, Zapata, Zavala.

California counties with USDA records: Alpine, Butte, Contra Costa, Fresno, Glenn, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Lassen, Los Angeles, Madera, Marin, Merced, Modoc, Mono, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Sierra, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tulare, Tuolumne, Ventura, Yolo.

Colorado counties with USDA records: Alamosa, Baca, Bent, Boulder, Cheyenne, Costilla, Denver, Eagle, El Paso, Fremont, Garfield, Huerfano, Jefferson, La Plata, Larimer, Las Animas, Logan, Mesa, Mineral, Moffat, Montezuma, Montrose, Morgan, Otero, Prowers, Pueblo, Saguache, Sedgwick, Teller, Weld.

Growing conditions

USDA PLANTS gives Common sunflower a high shade tolerance, medium drought tolerance and medium moisture use. It is rated for soil pH 5.5 to 7.8 and winter lows down to 52 °F.

Shade tolerance
High
Drought tolerance
Medium
Moisture use
Medium
Soil textures it is adapted to
coarse, medium, fine
Soil pH range
5.5 to 7.8
Minimum temperature tolerated
52 °F
Frost-free days needed (minimum)
80
Annual precipitation range
12 to 60 inches
Minimum root depth
8 inches
Salinity tolerance
Medium
Fertility requirement
Low
Growth rate
Rapid
Active growth period
Summer
Fruit or seed
Blue · Summer to Fall
Can be propagated by
seed
Commercial availability
Routinely Available

From the USDA PLANTS characteristics data for HEAN3. USDA ratings are general guidance for the species, not a guarantee for your garden.

Names, range and relatives

Native status by region (USDA PLANTS): Alaska: Introduced; Canada: Introduced; Hawaii: Introduced; Lower 48 states: Native; Puerto Rico: Introduced; St. Pierre and Miquelon: Introduced.

Other scientific names (synonyms in USDA PLANTS): Helianthus aridus, Helianthus lenticularis.

County records: USDA PLANTS lists it in 1107 counties across 48 states; the most are in Texas (128), Kansas (105), Illinois (74).

Other Helianthus on Bloomipedia (5): Sunflowers, Maximilian sunflower, Cucumberleaf sunflower, Narrowleaf sunflower, Prairie sunflower.

More from the Asteraceae family (212 on Bloomipedia; most observed first): Common yarrow, Goldenrods, White snakeroot, Chicory, Black-eyed Susan, Bull thistle, Common dandelion, Firewheel.

More Texas flowers

Sources